Significant improvements in design and wear abatement technology combined with escalating energy and steel media costs are making High Pressure Grinding Rolls (HPGR) increasingly attractive for applicable “hard rock” ore applications relative to SAG-Ball milling. In addition, HPGR offers significant...
30-Aug-2005
Extensive in-situ testings has shown that blast fragmentation influences the performance of downstream processes in a mine, and as a consequence, the profit of the whole operation can be greatly improved through optimised fragmentation. Other unit operations like excavation, crushing and grinding ca...
23-Jun-2005
International Journal of Mineral Processing 2004
Despite reservations of a number of researchers concerning the applicability of Bond's equation for relating specific energy to the size reduction of rocks, his approach has become an industry standard.
Data from a large number of pilot and full-s...
29-Mar-2005
The “functional performance equation for ball milling” was first presented in 1988. It has now been used successfully in a substantial number of mineral- processing plants. This powerful, yet simple, tool provides a new level of understanding of closed circuit grinding. It shows how grinding circuit...
02-Mar-2005
On behalf of the Mining Industry’s Task Force of the Canadian Industry Program for Energy Conservation (CIPEC), the Mining Association of Canada (MAC) retained the Competitive Analysis Centre Inc. to work with mining companies to establish energy benchmarks for underground bulk mining. Companies par...
04-Feb-2005
Metallurgical Plant Design and Operating Strategies 2004
Oceana Gold (New Zealand) Limited operates the Macraes Gold Mine near Dunedin on the South Island of New Zealand. The ore body is mineralogically complex and comparatively low grade requiring a series of unit processes and resulting in a re...
22-Oct-2004
Ore blending for process optimization is becoming an increasing factor for managing cost and productivity. Economic mining and processing a very low value ore in an extremely competitive market results in constant cost-cutting initiatives. The inherent conflict between the lowest possible mining cos...
02-Jan-2004
XXII International Mineral Processing Congress, Cape Town, South Africa
The introduction and subsequent ascendancy of autogenous and semi-autogenous milling for comminution circuits has undoubtedly lead to many economic advantages. From a process viewpoint, however, at least one downside has been...
23-Aug-2003
Public demand for the “Sustainable Development” and CO2 reduction will increase the pressure for more energy efficient comminution. To assess the avenues for reduction of energy required for comminution with already available technologies, modeling and simulations were undertaken using data from a n...
23-Sep-2002
This paper examines the design of comminution circuits and the issues that impact on comminution circuit efficiency.Circuit efficiency is discussed, principally from the perspective of power efficiency. However, operating efficiency, maintenance efficiency, capital expenditure and return on investme...
23-Sep-2002
The paper examines the current state of equipment and circuit design, with reference to Australian practice. Following a review of the changes in milling applications over the last fifteen years, developments in mill design are examined. Current issues include trunnion versus shell support; drive ty...
28-Jan-2002
30-Nov-2001
23-Nov-2001
This paper provides some basic guidelines for comminution circuit selection from a range of alternatives. Factors itemised in the decision making matrix include:
Project type and size
Ore characteristics and properties
Circuit cost considerations
Test work costs and impact on project schedule
S...
23-Nov-1999
Comminution 1998
This paper presents observations made during the conduct and analysis of eleven separate autogenous and semi-autogenous pilot plant trials. These trials were conducted using different ores for various projects over the past five years. The ores tested include relatively competent...
22-Nov-1998
The Julius Kruttschnitt Minerals Research Centre (JKMRC) has been involved in the study and modelling of industrial autogenous (ag) and semi-autogenous (sag) mills for over 20 years. Recent research at the JKMRC has developed a new ag/sag mill model which is based on charge dynamics. The model relat...
28-Nov-1996